Case Sensitivity

Keywords and function names are case-insensitive, but variable names are case-sensitive.

In PHP, keywords (such as if, echo, while), classes and function names are not case-sensitive.

Variables are different

Variable names are case-sensitive. $color, $Color and $COLOR are three completely different variables.

Example

Try it yourself
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When to use it

  • Avoiding bugs from mistyping a variable name in the wrong case.
  • Knowing function and keyword casing is flexible, while variables are strict.
  • Understanding why $Name and $name are two different variables.

More examples

Variables ARE case-sensitive

$name and $Name are two distinct variables.

Example · php
<?php
$name = "lower";
$Name = "upper";
echo $name . " " . $Name;

Keywords are NOT case-sensitive

Keywords like echo/if/while may be written in any case — lowercase is conventional.

Example · php
<?php
ECHO "works ";
Echo "too";

Function names ignore case

Built-in function names are case-insensitive, though lowercase is standard style.

Example · php
<?php
echo STRTOUPPER("hi"); // HI

Discussion

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