PHP Math
PHP includes many built-in math functions such as round, sqrt, abs and pow.
Syntax
round($number, $precision);PHP has a rich set of math functions.
| Function | Returns |
|---|---|
abs() | Absolute value |
round() | Rounded number |
ceil() / floor() | Round up / down |
sqrt() | Square root |
pow() | Power |
max() / min() | Highest / lowest value |
Example
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When to use it
- Calculate the hypotenuse of a right triangle using sqrt() and pow() in a geometry tool.
- Use abs() to display the absolute difference between a budget and actual spend.
- Round a tax rate multiplication to two decimal places with round() before adding to an invoice.
More examples
round, ceil and floor
round() follows normal rounding rules; ceil() always rounds up and floor() always rounds down.
<?php
$price = 19.567;
echo round($price, 2); // 19.57
echo ceil($price); // 20
echo floor($price); // 19abs, pow and sqrt
pow() raises a number to a power and sqrt() computes the square root, together implementing the Pythagorean theorem.
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = 4;
$hypotenuse = sqrt(pow($a, 2) + pow($b, 2));
echo abs(-42); // 42
echo $hypotenuse; // 5min, max and fmod
min() and max() work on arrays or individual arguments; fmod() handles the modulo of floating-point numbers.
<?php
$scores = [88, 45, 97, 62, 73];
echo min($scores); // 45
echo max($scores); // 97
echo fmod(10, 3); // 1 (float modulo)
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